Dokument: Effects of flavanol monomers and procyanidins on vascular function
| Titel: | Effects of flavanol monomers and procyanidins on vascular function | |||||||
| Weiterer Titel: | Die Auswirkungen von Flavanol-Monomeren und Procyaniden auf die Gefäßfunktion | |||||||
| URL für Lesezeichen: | https://docserv.uni-duesseldorf.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=61166 | |||||||
| URN (NBN): | urn:nbn:de:hbz:061-20221114-105955-6 | |||||||
| Kollektion: | Dissertationen | |||||||
| Sprache: | Englisch | |||||||
| Dokumententyp: | Wissenschaftliche Abschlussarbeiten » Dissertation | |||||||
| Medientyp: | Text | |||||||
| Autor: | Weber, Timon [Autor] | |||||||
| Dateien: |
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| Beitragende: | Heiß, Christian [Gutachter] Prof. Dr. Haendeler, Judith [Gutachter] [im Online-Personal- und -Vorlesungsverzeichnis LSF anzeigen] | |||||||
| Stichwörter: | Flavanole / Kakao / Endotheliale Dysfunktion / Procyanidine | |||||||
| Dewey Dezimal-Klassifikation: | 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften » 610 Medizin und Gesundheit | |||||||
| Beschreibungen: | Flavanole sind sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe und Bestandteile unserer Nahrungszufuhr, vornehmlich im Rahmen der Ingestion von Kakaobohnen, aber auch von roten Trauben, Rotwein, grünem Tee, Äpfeln und Beeren. Vorangegangene Studien zeigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Einnahme von Kakaoflavanolen (CF) und der Verbesserung der Gefäßfunktion, selbst bei gesunden, jungen Probanden. Abhängig vom Grad der Polymerisation (DP) besteht die Zusammensetzung der CF größtenteils aus dem Monomer (−)-Epicatechin (∼20%, DP1) und den oligomerischen Procyaniden (∼80%, DP2–10).
Ziel dieser Studie ist es, den relativen Beitrag der Flavanol-Monomere und Procyanide zur Verbesserung der Gefäßfunktion im Zusammenhang mit der Aufnahme von Kakaoflavanolen bei jungen und gesunden Probanden zu bestimmen. Demzufolge wurde eine randomisierte, doppelblinde, kontrollierte, dreiarmige Interventionsstudie im Parallelgruppendesign durchgeführt. Es wurden 45 junge, gesunde männliche Probanden rekrutiert. Der primäre Endpunkt der Studie war das Ergebnis der Fluss-vermittelten Vasodilatation (FMD). Als sekundäre Endpunkte wurden die Konzentrationen der strukturverwandten Epicatechin-Metaboliten (SREMs) in Blut und Urin festgelegt. Tertiäre Endpunkte waren die weiteren Gradmesser der Gefäßfunktion, wie Pulswellengeschwindigkeit (PWV), Blutdruck (BP), Cholesterinwerte und Blutzuckerwerte. Nach Messung der Ausgangswerte erfolgte die Einnahme von Kapseln, die entweder einen DP1-10 Kakaoextrakt, einen DP2-10 Kakaoextrakt oder keinerlei CF beinhalteten. Die Kapseln ohne CF (Kontrolle) bestanden im Übrigen aus den gleichen Makro- und Mikronährstoffen wie die übrigen Testsubstanzen. Nach 2 Stunden wurden die Messungen wiederholt. Nach täglicher Einnahme der jeweiligen Kapseln über 30 Tage erfolgte eine Wiederholung der Messreihen zur Bestimmung von chronischen und akut auf chronischen Effekten. Die Einnahme von DP1-10 führte zu einem signifikanten Anstieg der FMD-Werte, erhöhten Konzentrationen von SREMs im Blut sowie Abnahme der PWV und der BP-Werte. Diese Veränderungen konnten sowohl nach der Einnahme von DP2-10 als auch der Kontrolle nicht verzeichnet werden. Eine signifikante Reduzierung der Cholesterinwerte war nach der Einnahme von DP1-10 und DP 2-10 ersichtlich, verglichen mit der Kontrollgruppe. Die Verbesserung der Gefäßfunktion nach der Einnahme von CF ist vornehmlich mit der Einnahme des Flavanolmonomers in Verbindung zu bringen und dem daraus resultierenden Anstieg der zirkulierenden Metaboliten im Blutplasma junger und gesunder Männer. Der vorrangige Anteil der CF, die Procyanide, als auch derer vom Mikrobiom abgeleiteten Kataboliten zeigen keinen signifikanten Effekt hinsichtlich der Gefäßfunktion. Die Reduzierung der Cholesterinwerte kann mit der Einnahme von Procyaniden in Verbindung gebracht werden, ist allerdings nicht sicher einem Effekt der Monomere zuzuordnen. Hinsichtlich dessen, als auch der Wirkung auf andere Kohorten, ist weitere Forschung notwendig.Flavanols are plant secondary metabolites particularly abundant in cocoa, red grapes, red wine, green tea, apples, and berries. Earlier studies strongly suggest that consumption of cocoa flavanols (CF) can improve endothelial function both acutely and after short-term daily consumption. Such improvements have not only been observed in subjects with endothelial dysfunction but also in healthy and young subjects. CFs comprise different compounds, which are classified according to their degree of polymerisation (DP) in monomers, of which the most abundant are (−)-epicatechin (∼20%, DP1) and the oligomeric procyanidins (∼80%, DP2–10). Despite efforts to elucidate mechanisms of action, currently, it is unknown whether the monomers, the oligomers, or both are the bioactive compounds in cocoa exerting beneficial effects on vascular function. This study aims to determine the relative contribution of flavanol monomers and procyanidins to the improvement of vascular function associated with CF intake in young and healthy subjects. Accordingly, a randomised, double-blind, controlled, three-arm intervention study was conducted in a parallel-group design. Forty-five young, healthy male subjects were recruited. The primary endpoint of the study was the outcome of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Secondary endpoints were the concentrations of structurally related epicatechin metabolites (SREMs) in blood and urine. Tertiary endpoints were the other grade measures of vascular function, such as pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (BP), cholesterol levels and blood glucose levels. After baseline measurements were taken, capsules containing either DP1-10 cocoa extract, DP2-10 cocoa extract, or no CF were taken. The capsules without CF (control) consisted of the same macro- and micronutrients as the other test substances. The measurements were repeated after 2 hours. After daily intake of the respective capsules for 30 days, the series of measurements was repeated to determine chronic and acute on chronic effects. Consumption of DP1-10 led to a significant increase in FMD values (at 2 h and 1 month post-consumption), raised concentration of SREMs in blood plasma, and decreases in PWV, BP, and total cholesterol levels. Meanwhile, the consumption of DP2-10 had no significant effects in any parameter, except for a significant decrease in total cholesterol levels compared to the control. The current findings indicate that the improvements in vascular function after CF consumption are linked to the flavanol monomers and consecutively the increase of SREMs in the blood plasma of young and healthy humans. The cocoa procyanidins did not seem to affect vascular function. However, the reduction of total cholesterol can be linked to their consumption. Further work is, therefore, necessary to understand the mechanisms of action and generalisability of our findings to the general population. | |||||||
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| Lizenz: |  Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz | |||||||
| Bezug: | 2013-2022 | |||||||
| Fachbereich / Einrichtung: | Medizinische Fakultät | |||||||
| Dokument erstellt am: | 14.11.2022 | |||||||
| Dateien geändert am: | 14.11.2022 | |||||||
| Promotionsantrag am: | 18.07.2022 | |||||||
| Datum der Promotion: | 10.11.2022 |
