Dokument: Einfluss der transkraniellen Gleichstromstimulation über dem prämotorischen Kortex auf das motorische Lernen

Titel:	Einfluss der transkraniellen Gleichstromstimulation über dem prämotorischen Kortex auf das motorische Lernen
URL für Lesezeichen:	https://docserv.uni-duesseldorf.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=50068
URN (NBN):	urn:nbn:de:hbz:061-20190704-112542-5
Kollektion:	Dissertationen
Sprache:	Deutsch
Dokumententyp:	Wissenschaftliche Abschlussarbeiten » Dissertation
Medientyp:	Text
Autor:	Focke, Jan Karl [Autor]
Dateien:	[Dateien anzeigen] Adobe PDF [Details] 6,45 MB in einer Datei [ZIP-Datei erzeugen] Dateien vom 01.07.2019 / geändert 01.07.2019
Beitragende:	Prof. Dr. med. Pollok, Bettina [Gutachter] Prof. Dr. Supprian, Tillmann [Gutachter]
Stichwörter:	tDCS, prämotorischer Kortex, PMC, Motor Cortex, Sequenzlernen, motorisches Lernen, SRTTn
Dewey Dezimal-Klassifikation:	600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften » 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Beschreibungen:	Motorisches Lernen lässt sich in eine Akquisitions- und Konsolidierungsphase gliedern und basiert auf dem Zusammenspiel verschiedener kortikaler und subkortikaler Areale. Während der primäre motorische Kortex (M1) für die Akquisition und frühe Konsolidierung von Bedeutung ist, wurde die Beteiligung des prämotorischen Kortex (PMC) am motorischen Lernen vor allem für die spätere, möglicherweise schlafabhängige Konsolidierung beschrieben. Ein möglicher Beitrag zur frühen schlafunabhängigen Konsolidierung wurde bislang nicht untersucht. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die funktionelle Bedeutung des linken PMC für die implizite Akquisition und die frühe schlafunabhängige Konsolidierung einer motorischen Sequenz. Zu diesem Zweck erhielten 18 gesunde rechtshändige Probanden/innen an separaten Messterminen, eine jeweils 10-minütige transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (engl.: transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS) über dem linken PMC. Die anodale tDCS diente der Erhöhung, die kathodale der Reduzierung der Exzitabilität des PMC. Eine Schein- Stimulation diente als Kontrollbedingung. Unmittelbar im Anschluss an die Stimulation trainierten die Probanden/innen eine serielle Reaktionszeitaufgabe mit der rechten Hand. Während die sequentielle Darbietung motorisches Lernen induzieren sollte, diente eine randomisierte Darbietung als Kontrollbedingung. Die Reaktionszeiten wurden für beide Bedingungen (sequentiell vs. randomisiert) vor dem Üben (t1), zum Ende der Akquisition (t2) und nach einer interferierenden Bedingung unmittelbar im Anschluss an die Akquisition (t3) bestimmt. Eine verminderte Interferenzneigung zum Zeitpunkt t3 wurde als Maß für eine erfolgreiche Konsolidierung interpretiert. Die Auswertung zeigte eine unspezifische Reaktionszeitbeschleunigung zum Zeitpunkt t2 sowohl nach der anodalen als auch nach der kathodalen tDCS. Dieser Effekt könnte die grundlegende Bedeutung des PMC für die Bewegungsplanung widerspiegeln. Zum Zeitpunkt t3 zeigte sich eine verringerte Interferenzneigung nur nach kathodaler Stimulation. Dieses Ergebnis weist auf die Relevanz des PMC für die frühe, schlafunabhängige Konsolidierung einer motorischen Sequenz hin. Die Förderung der frühen Konsolidierung durch die Reduktion der Exzitabilität des PMC legt die Annahme konkurrierender Prozesse zwischen dem M1 und dem PMC während dieser Phase nahe. Motor learning depends on the functional interaction between various cortical and subcortical brain areas and can be structured by its time-course into acquisition – during the training of a motor skill – and consolidation – after the active training. While the primary motor cortex (M1) appears to be crucial for the acquisition and early consolidation of a motor pattern, the premotor cortex (PMC) has been particularly linked to sleep-dependent consolidation. A possible contribution for sleep-independent consolidation has not been investigated yet. The present thesis aims at elucidating the relevance of the left PMC for acquisition and day-time consolidation of an implicitly learned motor sequence. To this end, eighteen healthy right-handed volunteers received anodal, cathodal and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the left PMC in three separate sessions for 10 minutes, respectively. While anodal tDCS is thought to enhance cortical excitability, cathodal tDCS has been linked to its reduction. Sham stimulation served as control condition. Subsequently to tDCS the participants were trained on a serial reaction time task (SRTT) with the right hand. A sequential pattern of stimuli was presented to induce motor learning, while a random pattern served as a control condition. Reaction times were measured for both conditions (sequential vs. random) separately prior to training (t1), at the end of training (t2) and after the presentation of an interfering random pattern (t3). Reduced susceptibility to interference at t3 was interpreted as indicator for successful consolidation. Results yield an unspecific facilitation of reaction times at t2 independent of tDCS polarity. This effect likely reflects the relevance of the PMC for movement selection and preparation in general. At t3 cathodal tDCS yielded reduced susceptibility to interference. The results suggest the PMC to be involved in the early sleep- independent consolidation of a motor sequence. Enhanced consolidation effects following inhibitory cathodal tDCS might point to a competition between M1 and PMC during early consolidation that can be modulated by tDCS.
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Lizenz:	Urheberrechtsschutz
Fachbereich / Einrichtung:	Medizinische Fakultät
Dokument erstellt am:	04.07.2019
Dateien geändert am:	04.07.2019
Promotionsantrag am:	29.01.2019
Datum der Promotion:	25.06.2019