Dokument: Analysen zur Stabilität und Degradation biogener Substanzen sowie zum Resistenzpotential der Flechte Buellia frigida unter simulierten Marsbedingungen und Exposition im LEO-Weltraum
| Titel: | Analysen zur Stabilität und Degradation biogener Substanzen sowie zum Resistenzpotential der Flechte Buellia frigida unter simulierten Marsbedingungen und Exposition im LEO-Weltraum | |||||||
| URL für Lesezeichen: | https://docserv.uni-duesseldorf.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=50014 | |||||||
| URN (NBN): | urn:nbn:de:hbz:061-20190626-104214-3 | |||||||
| Kollektion: | Dissertationen | |||||||
| Sprache: | Deutsch | |||||||
| Dokumententyp: | Wissenschaftliche Abschlussarbeiten » Dissertation | |||||||
| Medientyp: | Text | |||||||
| Autor: | M. Sc. Backhaus, Theresa [Autor] | |||||||
| Dateien: |
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| Beitragende: | Prof. Dr. Ott, Sieglinde [Gutachter] Prof. Dr. Martin, William F. [Gutachter] | |||||||
| Stichwörter: | BIOMEX, Astrobiologie, Flechten, Strahlung | |||||||
| Dewey Dezimal-Klassifikation: | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik » 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie | |||||||
| Beschreibung: | Die endemisch antarktische Flechte Buellia frigida sowie neun verschiedene biogene Substanzen wurden als Teil des „Biology and Mars Experiment“ (BIOMEX) für 1,5 Jahre an der Außenseite der ISS am Zvezda Modul gegenüber Weltraumbedingungen des Low Earth Orbit (LEO) exponiert. Sowohl die Flechtenproben als auch die Proben der biogenen Substanzen waren während des Experiments auf verschiedenen Trägermaterialien in der EXPOSE-R2 Einheit integriert: auf Gestein (rock), auf Quarz-Plättchen sowie auf künstlich hergestellten Mars-Pellets. Die Quarz-Plättchen und die Gesteins-Proben waren gegenüber Weltraum-Bedingungen des LEO exponiert (Vakuum), während die Proben auf den sogenannten Mars-Pellets zusätzlich einer künstlichen Mars-Atmosphäre ausgesetzt waren. Die BIOMEX Proben sind während der Weltraumexposition den verschiedenen Bedingungen des LEO ausgesetzt (extraterrestrische Strahlung, extreme Temperaturen, Vakuum bzw. Mars-Atmosphäre). Ziel dieses Experiments war, die Vitalität der Flechte und die Stabilität der biogenen Substanzen nach Exposition im LEO zu testen. Für die Analyse wurden verschiedene wissenschaftliche Methoden angewendet.
Die Stabilität der biogenen Substanzen wurde mittels Raman-Spektroskopie analysiert. Einige der untersuchten Substanzen lassen sich nach der Exposition im Weltraum nicht oder kaum noch detektieren. Drei der getesteten Substanzen sind nach Exposition im LEO noch nachweisen und daher als Biomaker für zukünftige Weltraum-Missionen zu empfehlen. Die Analyse der BIOMEX Flechtenproben erfolgte mittels verschiedener Methoden (Raster- und Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskopie, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR Technik, LIVE/DEAD Färbung, Chlorophyll a Fluoreszenz, Kulturversuch und Sporulationsversuch). Das im Cortex von Buellia frigida eingelagerte Melanin wirkt als effizienter UV Schutz für die Symbionten. Die Fähigkeit des Organismus zur Anhydrobiose führt zu einer hohen Trockentoleranz, die unter den Vakuum Bedingungen des Weltraums den Vorteil bietet, strahlungsinduzierten Schäden wie die Radiolyse von Wasser deutlich zu reduzieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen jedoch einen deutlichen Vitalitätsverlust der Flechte nach der Exposition im LEO. Das BIOMEX Experiment ist bereits das zweite Langzeit Experiment, in dem die Auswirkungen der LEO Bedingungen auf die Flechtensymbiose und ihre eukaryotischen Bionten untersucht wurden. Im ersten Experiment, dem „lichen and fungi experiment“ (LIFE), wurde die Flechte Xanthoria elegans, eine kosmopolitisch verbreitete Flechte, im LEO exponiert. Die Analyse dieser Flechte zeigte ein deutlich höheres Resistenzpotential nach der Exposition im LEO, als die Flechte Buellia frigida. Der Endemismus der antarktischen Flechte Buellia frigida führt zu Lebensstrategien, die an die Besonderheiten der jeweiligen Umweltbedingungen speziell angepasst sind. Sie weist somit ein engeres Spektrum auf als eine kosmopolitische Art. Es kann postuliert werden, dass dieser Aspekt von Relevanz für das niedrigere Resistenzpotential von B. frigida ist. | |||||||
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| Lizenz: |  Urheberrechtsschutz | |||||||
| Bezug: | 3 Jahre | |||||||
| Fachbereich / Einrichtung: | Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät » WE Biologie » Botanik | |||||||
| Dokument erstellt am: | 26.06.2019 | |||||||
| Dateien geändert am: | 26.06.2019 | |||||||
| Promotionsantrag am: | 13.12.2016 | |||||||
| Datum der Promotion: | 25.06.2019 |
