Dokument: Molecular characterization of control systems for small molecule damage in photosynthetic eukaryotes
| Titel: | Molecular characterization of control systems for small molecule damage in photosynthetic eukaryotes | |||||||
| Weiterer Titel: | Molekulare Charakterisierung von Systemen zur Schadenskontrolle an kleinen Molekülen in photosynthetischen Eukaryoten | |||||||
| URL für Lesezeichen: | https://docserv.uni-duesseldorf.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=48230 | |||||||
| URN (NBN): | urn:nbn:de:hbz:061-20190109-110021-5 | |||||||
| Kollektion: | Dissertationen | |||||||
| Sprache: | Englisch | |||||||
| Dokumententyp: | Wissenschaftliche Abschlussarbeiten » Dissertation | |||||||
| Medientyp: | Text | |||||||
| Autor: | Hüdig, Meike [Autor] | |||||||
| Dateien: |
| |||||||
| Beitragende: | PD. Dr. Maurino, Veronica [Gutachter] Prof. Dr. Lercher, Martin [Gutachter] | |||||||
| Stichwörter: | metabolite damage, molecule damage, plants, photosynthetic organisms, malate, C4 photosynthesis, malic enzyme | |||||||
| Dewey Dezimal-Klassifikation: | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik » 580 Pflanzen (Botanik) | |||||||
| Beschreibung: | Cell metabolism in photosynthetic eukaryotes constitutes a complex network that involves both spontaneous chemical and enzymatically catalyzed reactions. This network of biochemical and chemical reactions is far from perfect. As a consequence, small molecules like cofactors, coenzymes, inorganic molecules, and metabolic intermediates are constantly exposed to two major sources of damage during metabolism - enzymatic errors and chemical damage.
A molecule that was damaged can be useless or toxic to the cell in a given condition. Harmful molecules damage other metabolites, macromolecules or inhibit important enzymes. If damaged molecules represent unusable dead-end metabolites, they drain energy and carbon equivalents from the metabolism. Thus, damage control systems that constantly repair or prevent damage in the cell have evolved. We described three categories of small molecule damage control in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Firstly, repair mechanisms convert damaged molecules back to ones that can be used in normal metabolism. Secondly, scavenging systems act on highly reactive molecules like RCS and ROS to convert them quickly and locally to less harmless molecules. Thirdly, metabolite steering systems prevent the formation of a damaged molecule by actively changing availability of substrate or co-factor pools. So far, this research has been focused on bacteria, yeast, and mammalian systems, as they are potentially easier to study or attract more attention. Therefore, this thesis aimed to address a combination of the overlooked aspects of damage research: photosynthetic eukaryotes and small molecule damage control. Finding new aspects of known damage control systems and the discovery of new ones was approached. All three aspects of damage control, repair, scavenging, and steering, were studied in different photosynthetic eukaryotes. These damage control systems for plants were also reviewed (Hüdig et al., 2018). Damage repair systems were addressed in two cases: firstly, the discovery and description of the single step repair mechanism for L 2 hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG) by L 2 hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L-2HGDH; EC 1.1.99.2) and its integration in the mitochondrial metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana (Hüdig et al., 2015; manuscript 2.1). Secondly, the characterization of an alternative glycolate oxidation pathway as part of the multi-step repair system photorespiration in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was discovered (Schmitz et al., 2017a; manuscript 2.2). Damage control through scavenging systems was studies for the small RCS methylglyoxal. The molecular characterization of all enzymatic components for the local scavenging within the plant cell was described in detail for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Schmitz et al., 2017b; manuscript 2.3). New aspects of the multiform steering system C4 photosynthesis were studied to discover the mechanisms behind the recruitment of NAD-dependent malic enzyme (NAD ME) for C4 biochemistry. The molecular evolution and regulation of the NAD-ME C4 subtype pathway in the genus Cleome was described in manuscript draft 2.5 (Hüdig et al., in preparation). Taken together these manuscripts advanced the field of small molecule damage control by discovering new damage control systems in photosynthetic organisms, describing these pathways in detail, and expanding the knowledge on known mechanisms by offering new perspectives and finding new molecular characteristics. | |||||||
| Quelle: | References are given in the document. | |||||||
| Rechtliche Vermerke: |  Molecular characterization of control systems for small molecule damage in photosynthetic eukaryotes von Meike Hüdig ist lizenziert unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International Lizenz. | |||||||
| Lizenz: |  Urheberrechtsschutz | |||||||
| Fachbereich / Einrichtung: | Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät » WE Biologie » Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät » WE Biologie | |||||||
| Dokument erstellt am: | 09.01.2019 | |||||||
| Dateien geändert am: | 09.01.2019 | |||||||
| Promotionsantrag am: | 31.10.2018 | |||||||
| Datum der Promotion: | 11.12.2018 |
