Dokument: Objektbenennung und Wortfindung bei depressiven Patienten im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollpersonen
Titel: | Objektbenennung und Wortfindung bei depressiven Patienten im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollpersonen | |||||||
Weiterer Titel: | Object naming and word finding among depressive patients compared to healthy control subjects | |||||||
URL für Lesezeichen: | https://docserv.uni-duesseldorf.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=44432 | |||||||
URN (NBN): | urn:nbn:de:hbz:061-20171219-110605-2 | |||||||
Kollektion: | Dissertationen | |||||||
Sprache: | Deutsch | |||||||
Dokumententyp: | Wissenschaftliche Abschlussarbeiten » Dissertation | |||||||
Medientyp: | Text | |||||||
Autor: | Hünninghaus, Kristin [Autor] | |||||||
Dateien: |
| |||||||
Beitragende: | PD Dr. med. Supprian, Tillmann [Betreuer/Doktorvater] Prof. Dr. phil. Pollok, Bettina [Gutachter] | |||||||
Stichwörter: | Objektbenennung, Wortfindung, Benennungsfähigkeit, Depression, depressive Störung, Alzheimer Demenz, Demenz, kognitive Defizite, Screening Test, Neuropsychologische Testung | |||||||
Dewey Dezimal-Klassifikation: | 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften » 610 Medizin und Gesundheit | |||||||
Beschreibungen: | Fragestellung, Ziele und Methodik: Verschiedene Studien haben belegt, dass Wortfindungsstörungen ein Frühsymptom der Alzheimer-Demenz sind. Auch depressive Störungen können mit kognitiven Defiziten einhergehen. Insbesondere beim Arbeitsgedächtnis kann es sowohl bei depressiven Patienten als auch bei Demenzpatienten zu Beeinträchtigungen kommen. Gedächtnistests sind folglich nur bedingt geeignet für die Abgrenzung einer Demenz von einer depressiven Störung. Möglichweise stellt die systematische Untersuchung von Objektbenennung und Wortfindung eine Methode dar, um die kognitiven Defizite zwischen depressiven Patienten und Patienten mit einer beginnenden Demenzerkrankung zu unterscheiden. Es wurde daher ein Instrument zur Erfassung von Objektbenennungsstörungen (OBT) entwickelt, das mit 50 Farbfotografien nach konkreten Substantiven fragt. Im direkten Vergleich mit dem OBT wurde der WoFi, ein aus 50 Fragen bestehender Wortfindungstest, angewandt. Die beiden Tests wurden an einem Kollektiv depressiver Patienten und an einem gesunden Kollektiv erprobt (≥65Jahre). Es wurde der Zusammenhang der kognitiven Defizite mit der Schwere der depressiven Symptomatik untersucht. Zudem wurde die Reliabilität des OBTs überprüft und verschiedene Einflussfaktoren auf die Testergebnisse analysiert. Außerdem wurden der MMST als Instrument zur Feststellung einer Demenz und der BDI-II zur Erfassung depressiver Symptomatik durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse: Der OBT erzielte ein Cronbach´s Alpha von 0,79 und korrelierte mit dem WoFi. Beide Tests korrelierten mit dem MMST und dem BDI-II. Die depressive Kohorte war unter Berücksichtigung von Alter, Geschlecht und Bildungsstand nicht signifikant schlechter im OBT als die gesunde Kontrollkohorte. Im WoFi jedoch erzielten die depressiven Probanden unabhängig von diesen Faktoren signifikant weniger Punkte als die gesunden Kontrollpersonen. Sowohl der Gesundheitszustand als auch das Geschlecht, der Bildungsstand und das Alter hatten einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Testergebnis des WoFis. Beim OBT war dies bei keinem der Faktoren der Fall. Die benötigte Bearbeitungszeit der depressiven Kohorte war für beide Tests signifikant länger als die der gesunden Kontrollkohorte. Des Weiteren benötigten beide Kohorten für den WoFi signifikant mehr Zeit als für den OBT. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen: Die Wortfindung über den auditorischen Weg scheint schwieriger zu fallen als die visuelle Benennfähigkeit. Insgesamt kann jedoch davon ausgegangen werden, dass die schlechteren Ergebnisse der depressiven Kohorte im WoFi nicht auf eine kognitive Störung der Wortfindung zurückzuführen sind. Vielmehr scheinen nicht-affektive Symptome, die signifikant höhere Bildung der gesunden Kohorte und das Alter eine Rolle gespielt zu haben. Des Weiteren kann, trotz eines Ausschlusses von Probanden mit einem MMST-Ergebnis von <27, nicht davon ausgegangen werden, dass keiner der Probanden einer prädemenziellen Entwicklung oder einen milden kognitiven Beeinträchtigung unterlagen. Der WoFi wurde bereits an Patienten mit beginnender Alzheimer-Demenz erprobt und zeigte eine hohe Sensibilität und Spezifität zur Abgrenzung des gesunden Kollektivs. Auch der OBT soll zukünftig an einer Kohorte mit beginnender Alzheimer-Demenz erprobt werden. Möglicherweise stellen Störungen der Objektbenennung und Wortfindung prädiktive Faktoren für die spätere Entwicklung einer Alzheimer-Demenz dar. Mit dem OBT ist ein neues alters-, ausbildungs-, und geschlechtsunabhängiges Screeninginstrument entstanden. Der OBT und der WoFi bedürfen noch weiterer Validierung und könnten in der Frühdiagnostik der Alzheimer-Demenz und von MCI eingesetzt werden.Introduction, aims and methods: Different studies have proven that word finding difficulty is an early symptom of Alzheimer dementia. Also a depressive disorder can come along with a cognitive impairment. Especially the working memory can be impaired due to both a depressive disorder and dementia. That is why memory tests are only limitedly usable for the distinction between a depressive disorder and dementia. Possibly the detailed research of object naming and word finding is a way to distinguish between the cognitive impairments of depressive patients and patients with a beginning dementia. On this background an instrument for detecting object naming difficulty was developed: the object naming test (OBT). The OBT asks for concrete subjects with the help of 50 colour photographs. In direct comparison a word finding test (WoFi) was applied, which asks for concrete subjects with the help of 50 questions. These two tests were applied to a cohort of depressive and a cohort of healthy persons (≥65 years). The relation between the cognitive impairment and the severity of the depressive disorder was examined. In additon the reliability of the OBT and different influential factors on the result were analysed. Additionally the MMST (Mini Mental Status Test, a test to detect a dementia) and the BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory II, a test to measure the severity of the depressive disorder) were conducted. Results: The OBT reached a Cronbach´s Alpha of 0,79 and correlated with the results of the WoFi. The OBT and the WoFi correlated with the MMST and the BDI-II. Taking the parameters "age", "sex" and "the level of education" into consideration the depressive cohort was not significantly fewer than the healthy cohort in the OBT. However in the WoFi the depressive cohort acquired significantly less points than the healthy cohort independent of these parameters. "Status of health" as well as "sex", "level of education" and "age" had a significant influence on the results of the WoFi. Looking at the OBT none of these factors had a significant influence. The required processing time of the depressive cohort for both tests was significantly longer than the one oft he healthy cohort. Additionally both cohorts needed significantly more time for the WoFi than for the OBT. | |||||||
Quelle: | Abas, M. A., Sahakian, B. J. & Levy, R. 1990. Neuropsychological deficits and CT scan changes in elderly depressives. Psychol Med, 20, 507-20.
Alexopoulos, G. S., Buckwalter, K., Olin, J., Martinez, R., Wainscott, C. & Krishnan, K. R. 2002. Comorbidity of late life depression: an opportunity for research on mechanisms and treatment. Biol Psychiatry, 52, 543-58. Alzheimer, A. 1907. Über eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde. Allgemeine Zeitschrift fuer Psychiatrie und Psy- chischgerichtliche Medizin, herausgegeben von Deutschlands Irrenärzten, 64, 146-8. Amado-Boccara, I., Gougoulis, N., Poirier Littre, M. F., Galinowski, A. & Loo, H. 1995. Effects of antidepressants on cognitive functions: a review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 19, 479-93. Appell, J., Kertesz, A. & Fisman, M. 1982. A study of language functioning in Alzheimer patients. Brain Lang, 17, 73-91. Artero, S., Ancelin, M. L., Portet, F., Dupuy, A., Berr, C., Dartigues, J. F., Tzourio, C., Rouaud, O., Poncet, M., Pasquier, F., Auriacombe, S., Touchon, J. & Ritchie, K. 2008. Risk profiles for mild cognitive impairment and progression to dementia are gender specific. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 79, 979-84. Arve, S., Tilvis, R. S., Lehtonen, A., Valvanne, J. & Sairanen, S. 1999. Coexistence of lowered mood and cognitive impairment of elderly people in five birth cohorts. Aging (Milano), 11, 90-5. Austin, M. P., Mitchell, P. & Goodwin, G. M. 2001. Cognitive deficits in depression: possible implications for functional neuropathology. Br J Psychiatry, 178, 200-6. Baddeley, A. 1992. Working memory. Science, 255, 556-9. Bazin, N., Perruchet, P., De Bonis, M. & Feline, A. 1994. The dissociation of explicit and implicit memory in depressed patients. Psychol Med, 24, 239-45. Beats, B. C., Sahakian, B. J. & Levy, R. 1996. Cognitive performance in tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in the elderly depressed. Psychol Med, 26, 591-603. Beck, A. T., Steer. R.A., Garbin, M.G. 1988. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation, USA, Pergamon Journals Ltd., 77-100 Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J. & Erbaugh, J. 1961. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 4, 561-71. Beck, A. T. S., Robert A.; Brown, Gregory K. 1996. Beck Depression Inventory-II., The Psychological Corporation Benkert, O. H., Hanns 2014. Kompendium der Psychiatrischen Pharmakotherapie, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokio, Springer, 1-194 Besche-Richard, C. 2013. Explicit and Implicit Memory in Depressive Patients. Review of the Literature SciRes 4, 4-10. Beyreuther, K., Arendt, T. 2002. Demenzen. Grundlagen und Klinik, Stuttgart, Thieme Verlag Bickel, H. 2005a. Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Stuttgart, Thieme Verlag KG, 18-35 Bickel, H. 2005b. Epidemioologie und Gesundheitsökonomie. In: Wallesch, CW., Förstl, H. (Hrsg.) Demenzen, Stuttgart, Thieme, 18-36 Bjelland, I., Krokstad, S., Mykletun, A., Dahl, A. A., Tell, G. S. & Tambs, K. 2008. Does a higher educational level protect against anxiety and depression? The HUNT study. Soc Sci Med, 66, 1334-45. Blanken, G., Dittmann, J., Haas, J. C. & Wallesch, C. W. 1987. Spontaneous speech in senile dementia and aphasia: implications for a neurolinguistic model of language production. Cognition, 27, 247-74. Blankenship, A. 1938. Memory Span: A Review of the Literature. The Psychological bulletin, 35, 1. Borkowska, A., Drozdz, W., Ziolkowska-Kochan, M. & Rybakowski, J. 2007. Enhancing effect of mirtazapine on cognitive functions associated with prefrontal cortex in patients with recurrent depression. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung, 9, 131-6. Bornstein, R. A., Baker, G. B. & Douglass, A. B. 1991. Depression and memory in major depressive disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 3, 78-80. Bowie, C. R. & Harvey, P. D. 2006. Administration and interpretation of the Trail Making Test. Nat Protoc, 1, 2277-81. Bramao, I., Reis, A., Petersson, K. M. & Faisca, L. 2011. The role of color information on object recognition: a review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychol (Amst), 138, 244-53. Brown, F. W., Lewine, R. J., Hudgins, P. A. & Risch, S. C. 1992. White matter hyperintensity signals in psychiatric and nonpsychiatric subjects. Am J Psychiatry, 149, 620-5. Brown, R. & Mcneill, D. 1966. The "tip of the tongue" phenomenon. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5, 325-37. Buchner, A. 2003. Funktionen und Modelle des Gedächtnisses, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 453-465 Bühl, A. 2014a. SPSS 22 Einführung in die moderne Datenanalyse. 14 ed. Hallbergmoos: Pearson, 523 Bühl, A. 2014b. SPSS 22 Einführung in die moderne Datenanalyse. 14 ed. Hallbergmoos: Pearson, 585 Bühl, A. 2014c. SPSS 22 Einführung in die moderne Datenanalyse. 14 ed. Hallbergmoos: Pearson, 586-7 Bühl, A. 2014d. SPSS 22 Einführung in die moderne Datenanalyse. 14 ed. Hallbergmoos: Pearson, 587 Bühl, A. 2014e. SPSS 22 Einführung in die moderne Datenanalyse. 14 ed. Hallbergmoos: Pearson, 592 Bühl, A. 2014f. SPSS 22 Einführung in die moderne Datenanalyse. 14 ed. Hallbergmoos: Pearson, 343-5 Buller, N. & Ptok, M. 2005. Impairment of speech and communication skills in dementia. HNO, 53, 177-80. Burt, D. B., Zembar, M. J. & Niederehe, G. 1995. Depression and memory impairment: a meta-analysis of the association, its pattern, and specificity. Psychol Bull, 117, 285-305. Caine, E. D. 1986. The Neuropsychology of Depression: The Pseudodementia Syndrome, New York, Oxford University Press, Inc., 221-243 Camerer, N. 2016. Ein Instrument zur Erfassung von Wortfindungsstörungen in der Frühdiagnostik der Alzheimer-Demenz. UNPUBLISHED. Channon, S., Baker, J. E. & Robertson, M. M. 1993. Working memory in clinical depression: an experimental study. Psychol Med, 23, 87-91. Christensen, H., Griffiths, K., Mackinnon, A. & Jacomb, P. 1997. A quantitative review of cognitive deficits in depression and Alzheimer-type dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 3, 631-51. Cohen, R. M., Weingartner, H., Smallberg, S. A., Pickar, D. & Murphy, D. L. 1982. Effort and cognition in depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39, 593-7. Cooper, B. 1992. Die Epidemiologie psychischer Störungen im Alter. In: HÄFNER, H., HENNERICI, M. (ed.) Psychische Krankheiten und Hirnfunktion im Alter. 8 ed. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 15-29 Cummings, J. L., Benson, D.F. 1983. Dementia: A Clinical Approach, Woburn, Butterworth Publishers, 21 Davey, R. J. & Jamieson, S. 2004. The validity of using the mini mental state examination in NICE dementia guidelines. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 75, 343-4. De Groot, J. C., De Leeuw, F. E., Oudkerk, M., Van Gijn, J., Hofman, A., Jolles, J. & Breteler, M. M. 2000. Cerebral white matter lesions and cognitive function: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Ann Neurol, 47, 145-51. Deptula, D. & Pomara, N. 1990. Effects of antidepressants on human performance: a review. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 10, 105-11. Deutsche Alzheimer Gesellschaft 2014. Das Wichtigste 1 - Die Häufigkeit von Demenzerkrankungen Deutsche Alzheimer Gesellschaft. Dgpnn & Dgn. 2015. S3-Leitlinie "Demenzen" [Online]. Available: https://www.dgppn.de/fileadmin/user_upload/_medien/download/pdf/kurzversion-leitlinien/REV_S3-leiltlinie-demenzen.pdf [Accessed 31. März 2016 2016]. Douglas, K. M., Porter, R. J., Knight, R. G. & Alsop, B. 2013. The dynamics of word retrieval in major depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 47, 276-83. Elliott, R. 2003. Executive functions and their disorders. Br Med Bull, 65, 49-59. Elliott, R., Sahakian, B. J., Mckay, A. P., Herrod, J. J., Robbins, T. W. & Paykel, E. S. 1996. Neuropsychological impairments in unipolar depression: the influence of perceived failure on subsequent performance. Psychol Med, 26, 975-89. Emery, O. B. & Breslau, L. D. 1989. Language deficits in depression: comparisons with SDAT and normal aging. J Gerontol, 44, M85-92. Eslinger, P. J. & Grattan, L. M. 1993. Frontal lobe and frontal-striatal substrates for different forms of human cognitive flexibility. Neuropsychologia, 31, 17-28. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. & Mchugh, P. R. 1975. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res, 12, 189-98. Fossati, P., Amar, G., Raoux, N., Ergis, A. M. & Allilaire, J. F. 1999. Executive functioning and verbal memory in young patients with unipolar depression and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res, 89, 171-87. Friederici, A. D. 2003. Neurobiologische Grundlagen der Sprache, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer-Verlag, 367-404 Gabryelewicz, T., Styczynska, M., Luczywek, E., Barczak, A., Pfeffer, A., Androsiuk, W., Chodakowska-Zebrowska, M., Wasiak, B., Peplonska, B. & Barcikowska, M. 2007. The rate of conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia: predictive role of depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 22, 563-7. Georgieff, N., Dominey, P. F., Michel, F., Marie-Cardine, M. & Dalery, J. 1998. Anomia in major depressive state. Psychiatry Res, 77, 197-208. Grant, D. A. & Berg, E. A. 1948. A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem. J Exp Psychol, 38, 404-11. Günnewig, T. 2006. Praktische Neurogeriatrie, Stuttgart, Verlag W. Kohlhammer 138-161 Gutzmann, H. & Qazi, A. 2015. Depression associated with dementia. Z Gerontol Geriatr, 48, 305-11. Hamberger, M. J., Goodman, R. R., Perrine, K. & Tamny, T. 2001. Anatomic dissociation of auditory and visual naming in the lateral temporal cortex. Neurology, 56, 56-61. Hamberger, M. J. & Seidel, W. T. 2003. Auditory and visual naming tests: normative and patient data for accuracy, response time, and tip-of-the-tongue. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 9, 479-89. Harry, A. & Crowe, S. F. 2014. Is the Boston Naming Test still fit for purpose? Clin Neuropsychol, 28, 486-504. Helmchen, H. 1992. Klinik und Therapie depressiver Störungen im höheren Lebensalter. In: HÄFNER, H., HENNERICI, M. (ed.) Psychische Krankheiten und Hirnfunktion im Alter. 8 ed. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 119-38 Hickie, I. & Scott, E. 1998. Late-onset depressive disorders: a preventable variant of cerebrovascular disease? Psychol Med, 28, 1007-13. Hill, C. D., Stoudemire, A., Morris, R., Martino-Saltzman, D., Markwalter, H. R. & Lewison, B. J. 1992. Dysnomia in the differential diagnosis of major depression, depression-related cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 4, 64-9. Hodges, J. R., Salmon, D. P. & Butters, N. 1992. Semantic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: failure of access or degraded knowledge? Neuropsychologia, 30, 301-14. Holthoff, V. 2013. [Pharmacotherapy of depression in the elderly]. Z Gerontol Geriatr, 46, 112-9. Http://Www.Duden.De/Hilfe/Haeufigkeit. [Accessed 21.März 2016]. Http://Www.Pixelio.De/. [Accessed 10.April 2016 2016]. Hubbard, E. J., Santini, V., Blankevoort, C. G., Volkers, K. M., Barrup, M. S., Byerly, L., Chaisson, C., Jefferson, A. L., Kaplan, E., Green, R. C. & Stern, R. A. 2008. Clock drawing performance in cognitively normal elderly. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 23, 295-327. Ibach, B. 2009. Polypharmazie in der Gerontopsychiatrie. Polypharmazie in der Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 155-88 Ihl, R., Frolich, L., Dierks, T., Martin, E. M. & Maurer, K. 1992. Differential validity of psychometric tests in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Psychiatry Res, 44, 93-106. Jacobs, D. M., Sano, M., Dooneief, G., Marder, K., Bell, K. L. & Stern, Y. 1995. Neuropsychological detection and characterization of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 45, 957-62. Janssen, J., Laatz, W. 2014. Statistische Datenanalyse mit SPSS, Hamburg, Springer Gabler, 581 Johnson, M. H. & Magaro, P. A. 1987. Effects of mood and severity on memory processes in depression and mania. Psychol Bull, 101, 28-40. Jorm, A. F. 1986. Cognitive deficit in the depressed elderly: a review of some basic unresolved issues. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 20, 11-22. Jorm, A. F. 2001. History of depression as a risk factor for dementia: an updated review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 35, 776-81. Juncos-Rabadan, O., Rodriguez, N., Facal, D., Cuba, J. & Pereiro, A. X. 2011. Tip-of-the-tongue for proper names in mild cognitive impairment. Semantic or post-semantic impairments? Journal of Neurolinguistics, 24, 636-51. Kalbe, E., Kessler, J., Calabrese, P., Smith, R., Passmore, A. P., Brand, M. & Bullock, R. 2004. DemTect: a new, sensitive cognitive screening test to support the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and early dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 19, 136-43. Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., Weintraub, S. 1983. Boston Naming Test, Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger Kiloh, L. G. 1961. Pseudo-dementia. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 37, 336-51. King, D. A., Caine, E. D., Conwell, Y. & Cox, C. 1991. The neuropsychology of depression in the elderly: a comparative study of normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 3, 163-8. Kirby, M., Denihan, A., Bruce, I., Coakley, D. & Lawlor, B. A. 2001. The clock drawing test in primary care: sensitivity in dementia detection and specificity against normal and depressed elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 16, 935-40. Kirshner, H. S., Webb, W. G. & Kelly, M. P. 1984. The naming disorder of dementia. Neuropsychologia, 22, 23-30. Krishnan, K. R. 1991. Organic bases of depression in the elderly. Annu Rev Med, 42, 261-6. Krishnan, K. R., Hays, J. C. & Blazer, D. G. 1997. MRI-defined vascular depression. Am J Psychiatry, 154, 497-501. Kuhner, C., Burger, C., Keller, F. & Hautzinger, M. 2007. Reliabilität und Validität des revidierten Beck-Depressions-inventars (BDI-II) Befunde aus deutschsprachigen Stichproben, Springer Medizin Verlag 2006, 651-656 Lachner, G., Satzger, W. & Engel, R. R. 1994. Verbal memory tests in the differential diagnosis of depression and dementia: discriminative power of seven test variations. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 9, 1-13. Landro, N. I., Stiles, T. C. & Sletvold, H. 2001. Neuropsychological function in nonpsychotic unipolar major depression. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol, 14, 233-40. Langa, K. M. & Levine, D. A. 2014. The diagnosis and management of mild cognitive impairment: a clinical review. JAMA, 312, 2551-61. Laux, G. 2011. Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer Verlag GmbH, 390-397 Lee, R. S., Hermens, D. F., Porter, M. A. & Redoblado-Hodge, M. A. 2012. A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in first-episode Major Depressive Disorder. J Affect Disord, 140, 113-24. Levelt, W. J. M. 1989. Speaking: From Intention to Articulation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lin, J. S., O'connor, E., Rossom, R. C., Perdue, L. A. & Eckstrom, E. 2013. Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: A systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med, 159, 601-12. Linden, M., Kurtz, G., Baltes, M. M., Geiselmann, B., Lang, F. R., Reischies, F. M. & Helmchen, H. 1998. [Depression in the very elderly]. Nervenarzt, 69, 27-37. Lyketsos, C. G., Lopez, O., Jones, B., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Breitner, J. & Dekosky, S. 2002. Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study. JAMA, 288, 1475-83. Madden, J. J., Luhan, J. A., Kaplan, L. A. & Manfredi, H. M. 1952. Nondementing psychoses in older persons. J Am Med Assoc, 150, 1567-70. Martin, A. & Fedio, P. 1983. Word production and comprehension in Alzheimer's disease: the breakdown of semantic knowledge. Brain Lang, 19, 124-41. Martin, D. J., Oren, Z. & Boone, K. 1991. Major depressives' and dysthmics' performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. J Clin Psychol, 47, 684-90. Mehta, K. M., Yaffe, K., Langa, K. M., Sands, L., Whooley, M. A. & Covinsky, K. E. 2003. Additive effects of cognitive function and depressive symptoms on mortality in elderly community-living adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 58, M461-7. Milian, M., Leiherr, A. M., Straten, G., Muller, S., Leyhe, T. & Eschweiler, G. W. 2013. The Mini-Cog, Clock Drawing Test, and the Mini-Mental State Examination in a German memory clinic: specificity of separation dementia from depression. Int Psychogeriatr, 25, 96-104. Miller, K. M., Finney, G. R., Meador, K. J. & Loring, D. W. 2010. Auditory responsive naming versus visual confrontation naming in dementia. Clin Neuropsychol, 24, 103-18. Miller, W. R. & Seligman, M. E. 1975. Depression and learned helplessness in man. J Abnorm Psychol, 84, 228-38. Mitchell, A. J. 2009. A meta-analysis of the accuracy of the mini-mental state examination in the detection of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. J Psychiatr Res, 43, 411-31. Mitchell, A. J. & Shiri-Feshki, M. 2008. Temporal trends in the long term risk of progression of mild cognitive impairment: a pooled analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 79, 1386-91. Mitchell, A. J. & Shiri-Feshki, M. 2009. Rate of progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia--meta-analysis of 41 robust inception cohort studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 119, 252-65. Moreno-Martinez, F. J. & Montoro, P. R. 2012. An ecological alternative to Snodgrass & Vanderwart: 360 high quality colour images with norms for seven psycholinguistic variables. PLoS One, 7, e37527. Moritz, S., Birkner, C., Kloss, M., Jahn, H., Hand, I., Haasen, C. & Krausz, M. 2002. Executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder, unipolar depression, and schizophrenia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 17, 477-83. Morris, J. C., Storandt, M., Miller, J. P., Mckeel, D. W., Price, J. L., Rubin, E. H. & Berg, L. 2001. Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol, 58, 397-405. Nilsson, F. M. 2007. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) - probably one of the most cited papers in health science. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 116, 156-7. Oldfield, R. C. & Wingfield, A. 1965. Response latencies in naming objects. Q J Exp Psychol, 17, 273-81. Ownby, R. L., Crocco, E., Acevedo, A., John, V. & Loewenstein, D. 2006. Depression and risk for Alzheimer disease: systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63, 530-8. Palmer, K., Backman, L., Winblad, B. & Fratiglioni, L. 2008. Early symptoms and signs of cognitive deficits might not always be detectable in persons who develop Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr, 20, 252-8. Pantzar, A., Laukka, E. J., Atti, A. R., Fastbom, J., Fratiglioni, L. & Backman, L. 2014. Cognitive deficits in unipolar old-age depression: a population-based study. Psychol Med, 44, 937-47. Parasuraman, R., Greenwood, P. M., Haxby, J. V. & Grady, C. L. 1992. Visuospatial attention in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Brain, 115 ( Pt 3), 711-33. Parsey, C. M. & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. 2011. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the clock drawing test in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease: evaluation of a modified scoring system. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 24, 108-18. Patterson, J. 2011. Verbal Fluency. In: KREUTZER, J. S., DELUCA, J. & CAPLAN, B. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2603-6 Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G. & Kokmen, E. 1999. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol, 56, 303-8. Potter, G. G. & Steffens, D. C. 2007. Contribution of depression to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. Neurologist, 13, 105-17. Proust-Lima, C., Amieva, H., Letenneur, L., Orgogozo, J. M., Jacqmin-Gadda, H. & Dartigues, J. F. 2008. Gender and education impact on brain aging: a general cognitive factor approach. Psychol Aging, 23, 608-20. Rajji, T. K., Miranda, D., Mulsant, B. H., Lotz, M., Houck, P., Zmuda, M. D., Bensasi, S., Reynolds, C. F., 3rd & Butters, M. A. 2009. The MMSE is not an adequate screening cognitive instrument in studies of late-life depression. J Psychiatr Res, 43, 464-70. Rapp, M. A., Schnaider-Beeri, M., Purohit, D. P., Perl, D. P., Haroutunian, V. & Sano, M. 2008. Increased neurofibrillary tangles in patients with Alzheimer disease with comorbid depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 16, 168-74. Reifler, B. V., Larson, E. & Hanley, R. 1982. Coexistence of cognitive impairment and depression in geriatric outpatients. Am J Psychiatry, 139, 623-6. Reischies, F. M. 2005. Demenz und Depression, Stuttgart, Thieme Verlag KG, 331-338 Reischies, F. M. & Neu, P. 2000. Comorbidity of mild cognitive disorder and depression--a neuropsychological analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 250, 186-93. Rose, E. J. & Ebmeier, K. P. 2006. Pattern of impaired working memory during major depression. J Affect Disord, 90, 149-61. Rotomskis, A., Margeviciute, R., Germanavicius, A., Kaubrys, G., Budrys, V. & Bagdonas, A. 2015. Differential diagnosis of depression and Alzheimer's disease with the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R). BMC Neurol, 15, 57. Roy-Byrne, P. P., Weingartner, H., Bierer, L. M., Thompson, K. & Post, R. M. 1986. Effortful and automatic cognitive processes in depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, 265-7. Sachdev, P. S., Smith, J. S., Angus-Lepan, H. & Rodriguez, P. 1990. Pseudodementia twelve years on. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 53, 254-9. Sachs, G. & Erfurth, A. 2015. Cognition in major depressive disorders. psychopraxis. neuropraxis, 18, 172-9. Salem, L. C., Andersen, B. B., Nielsen, T. R., Stokholm, J., Jorgensen, M. B., Rasmussen, M. H. & Waldemar, G. 2012. Overdiagnosis of dementia in young patients - a nationwide register-based study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 34, 292-9. Schaub R.T.; Freyberger, H. J. 2005. Diagnostik und Klassifikation, Stuttgart, Thieme Verlag KG, 87-125 Schmand, B., Kuipers, T., Van Der Gaag, M., Bosveld, J., Bulthuis, F. & Jellema, M. 1994. Cognitive disorders and negative symptoms as correlates of motivational deficits in psychotic patients. Psychol Med, 24, 869-84. Schmidtke, K. O., M. 2005. Alzheimer-Demenz, Stuttgart, Thieme Verlag KG, 203-227 Schweitzer, I., Tuckwell, V., O'brien, J. & Ames, D. 2002. Is late onset depression a prodrome to dementia? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 17, 997-1005. Shulman, K. I. 2000. Clock-drawing: is it the ideal cognitive screening test? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 15, 548-61. Shulman, K. I., Herrmann, N., Brodaty, H., Chiu, H., Lawlor, B., Ritchie, K. & Scanlan, J. M. 2006. IPA survey of brief cognitive screening instruments. Int Psychogeriatr, 18, 281-94. Smith, J. S. & Kiloh, L. G. 1981. The investigation of dementia: results in 200 consecutive admissions. Lancet, 1, 824-7. Snowdon, J. 2011. Pseudodementia, a term for its time: the impact of Leslie Kiloh's 1961 paper. Australas Psychiatry, 19, 391-7. Solfrizzi, V., D'introno, A., Colacicco, A. M., Capurso, C., Del Parigi, A., Caselli, R. J., Scapicchio, P. L., Scafato, E., Gandin, C., Capurso, A., Panza, F. & Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging Working, G. 2007. Incident occurrence of depressive symptoms among patients with mild cognitive impairment - the Italian longitudinal study on aging. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 24, 55-64. Somerville Ruffolo, J. 2011. Visual-Motor Function. In: KREUTZER, J. S., DELUCA, J. & CAPLAN, B. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2647-52 Sotsky, S. M., Glass, D. R., Shea, M. T., Pilkonis, P. A., Collins, J. F., Elkin, I., Watkins, J. T., Imber, S. D., Leber, W. R., Moyer, J. & Et Al. 1991. Patient predictors of response to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy: findings in the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Am J Psychiatry, 148, 997-1008. Statistisches Bundesamt 2015. Bevölkerung Deutschlands bis 2060. 13. koordinierte Bevölkerungsvorausberechnung Wiesbaden. Steer, R. A., Ball, R., Ranieri, W. F. & Beck, A. T. 1997. Further evidence for the construct validity of the Beck depression Inventory-II with psychiatric outpatients. Psychol Rep, 80, 443-6. Supprian, T. 2011a. Frühdiagnostik von Demenzerkrankungen. In: GAEBEL, W., FALKAI, P., RÖSSLER, W. (ed.) Konzepte, Methoden und Praxis der Klinischen Psychiatrie. 1 ed. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 57-64 Supprian, T. 2011b. Frühdiagnostik von Demenzerkrankungen. In: GAEBEL, W., FALKAI, P., RÖSSLER, W. (ed.) Konzepte, Methoden und Praxis der Klinischen Psychiatrie. 1 ed. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 108-11 Supprian, T. 2011c. Frühdiagnostik von Demenzerkrankungen. In: GAEBEL, W., FALKAI, P., RÖSSLER, W. (ed.) Konzepte, Methoden und Praxis der Klinischen Psychiatrie. 1 ed. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 11-7 Supprian, T. 2011d. Frühdiagnostik von Demenzerkrankungen. In: GAEBEL, W., FALKAI, P., RÖSSLER, W. (ed.) Konzepte, Methoden und Praxis der Klinischen Psychiatrie. 1 ed. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 147 Swainson, R., Hodges, J. R., Galton, C. J., Semple, J., Michael, A., Dunn, B. D., Iddon, J. L., Robbins, T. W. & Sahakian, B. J. 2001. Early detection and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and depression with neuropsychological tasks. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 12, 265-80. Tadayonnejad, R. & Ajilore, O. 2014. Brain network dysfunction in late-life depression: a literature review. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 27, 5-12. Talarowska, M., Zajaczkowska, M. & Galecki, P. 2015. Cognitive functions in first-episode depression and recurrent depressive disorder. Psychiatr Danub, 27, 38-43. Tomaszewki Farias, S., Harrington, G., Broomand, C. & Seyal, M. 2005. Differences in functional MR imaging activation patterns associated with confrontation naming and responsive naming. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 26, 2492-9. Trichard, C., Martinot, J. L., Alagille, M., Masure, M. C., Hardy, P., Ginestet, D. & Feline, A. 1995. Time course of prefrontal lobe dysfunction in severely depressed in-patients: a longitudinal neuropsychological study. Psychol Med, 25, 79-85. Van Gorp, W. G. R., J. C.; Sackeim, H. A. 2004. Neuropsychological assessment of late-life depression, New York, Oxford University Press, 120 Verhülsdonk, S., Quack, R., Hoft, B., Lange-Asschenfeldt, C. & Supprian, T. 2013. Anosognosia and depression in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 57, 282-7. Viggiano, M. P., Vannucci, M. & Righi, S. 2004. A new standardized set of ecological pictures for experimental and clinical research on visual object processing. Cortex, 40, 491-509. Wagner, G. S., Mcclintock, S. M., Rosenquist, P. B., Mccall, W. V. & Kahn, D. A. 2011. Major depressive disorder with psychotic features may lead to misdiagnosis of dementia: a case report and review of the literature. J Psychiatr Pract, 17, 432-8. Wallesch, C. W. & Hundsalz, A. 1994. Language function in delirium: a comparison of single word processing in acute confusional states and probable Alzheimer's disease. Brain Lang, 46, 592-606. Weingartner, H., Cohen, R. M., Murphy, D. L., Martello, J. & Gerdt, C. 1981. Cognitive processes in depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 38, 42-7. Weingartner, H. & Silberman, E. 1982. Models of cognitive impairment: cognitive changes in depression. Psychopharmacol Bull, 18, 27-42. Weissman, M. M., Myers, J. K., Tischler, G. L., Holzer, C. E., 3rd, Leaf, P. J., Orvaschel, H. & Brody, J. A. 1985. Psychiatric disorders (DSM-III) and cognitive impairment among the elderly in a U.S. urban community. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 71, 366-79. Wells, C. E. 1979. Pseudodementia. Am J Psychiatry, 136, 895-900. Weniger, D. 2003. Aphasien, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 379-396 Williams, B. W., Mack, W. & Henderson, V. W. 1989. Boston Naming Test in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 27, 1073-9. Wolfe, J., Granholm, E., Butters, N., Saunders, E. & Janowsky, D. 1987. Verbal memory deficits associated with major affective disorders: a comparison of unipolar and bipolar patients. J Affect Disord, 13, 83-92. Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M. & Leirer, V. O. 1982. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res, 17, 37-49. Zakzanis, K. K., Leach, L. & Kaplan, E. 1998. On the nature and pattern of neurocognitive function in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol, 11, 111-9. Zapotoczky, H. G. 1998. Problems of differential diagnosis between depressive pseudodementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm Suppl, 53, 91-5. Zubenko, G. S., Sullivan, P., Nelson, J. P., Belle, S. H., Huff, F. J. & Wolf, G. L. 1990. Brain imaging abnormalities in mental disorders of late life. Arch Neurol, 47, 1107-11. Zubenko, G. S., Zubenko, W. N., Mcpherson, S., Spoor, E., Marin, D. B., Farlow, M. R., Smith, G. E., Geda, Y. E., Cummings, J. L., Petersen, R. C. & Sunderland, T. 2003. A collaborative study of the emergence and clinical features of the major depressive syndrome of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry, 160, 857-66. | |||||||
Lizenz: | Urheberrechtsschutz | |||||||
Bezug: | 1907-2016 | |||||||
Fachbereich / Einrichtung: | Medizinische Fakultät | |||||||
Dokument erstellt am: | 19.12.2017 | |||||||
Dateien geändert am: | 19.12.2017 | |||||||
Promotionsantrag am: | 08.05.2017 | |||||||
Datum der Promotion: | 12.12.2017 |