Dokument: Die Bedeutung der räumlichen Separation von Schallquellen in der akustischen Suche
| Titel: | Die Bedeutung der räumlichen Separation von Schallquellen in der akustischen Suche | |||||||
| Weiterer Titel: | The impact of spatial separation of sound sources in auditory search | |||||||
| URL für Lesezeichen: | https://docserv.uni-duesseldorf.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=23566 | |||||||
| URN (NBN): | urn:nbn:de:hbz:061-20130124-121518-3 | |||||||
| Kollektion: | Dissertationen | |||||||
| Sprache: | Deutsch | |||||||
| Dokumententyp: | Wissenschaftliche Abschlussarbeiten » Dissertation | |||||||
| Medientyp: | Text | |||||||
| Autor: | Regenbrecht, Gunnar [Autor] | |||||||
| Dateien: |
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| Beitragende: | PD Dr. Mayr, Susanne [Gutachter] Prof. Dr. Buchner, Axel [Gutachter] | |||||||
| Stichwörter: | auditory search, spatial separation, reverberation, reflections, visual cue, auditory cue, pitch, similarity | |||||||
| Dewey Dezimal-Klassifikation: | 100 Philosophie und Psychologie » 150 Psychologie | |||||||
| Beschreibungen: | Schallquellen von verschiedenen räumlichen Positionen können besser wahrgenommen werden, als wenn sie von einer gemeinsamen räumlichen Position gespielt werden. Dieser Effekt der räumlichen Separation wurde vor allem für Sprachreize mit vorhersehbarem Ort und wenigen Distraktoren beschrieben. In den Untersuchungen dieser Arbeit wurden bis zu acht naturalistische Geräusche über bis zu acht im Kreis um die Teilnehmer angeordnete Lautsprecher dargeboten. Dabei wurden in der Bedingung mit Separation verschiedene Lautsprecher und in der Bedingung ohne Separation genau ein Lautsprecher zufällig für die Wiedergabe der Geräusche ausgewählt. In den Untersuchungen 1 bis 3 konnte die Präsentationsdauer 250, 500, 1000 oder 1500 ms betragen. Die Aufgabe bestand in jedem Durchgang darin, die An- oder Abwesenheit eines zufällig ausgewählten Zielgeräusches in einem Gemisch aus vier bis acht Geräuschen rückzumelden. In einem Raum mit Reflexionen in Untersuchung 1 konnte ausschließlich für sechs gleichzeitig präsentierte Geräusche und lediglich in der Sensitivität ein Vorteil räumlich separierter Schallquellen gefunden werden – bei vergleichbar langen Reaktionszeiten. Untersuchung 2 wurde – wie alle weiteren Untersuchungen – in einem reflexionsarmen Raum durchgeführt und zeigte einen generellen Vorteil der Separation sowohl in der Sensitivität als auch in den Reaktionszeiten. In Untersuchung 3 wurde der Zielhinweis akustisch statt visuell dargeboten. Ein Vorteil räumlicher Separation zeigte sich ausschließlich in den Reaktionszeiten und auch nur bei sechs gleichzeitig präsentierten Geräuschen oder bei abwesendem Ziel, während die dazugehörigen Sensitivitäten sich nicht unterschieden. In keiner der drei Untersuchungen konnte ein Einfluss der Präsentationsdauer auf den Effekt der räumlichen Separation gefunden werden. In Untersuchung 4 mit visuellem Zielhinweis wurde schließlich die Ähnlichkeit von akustischen Reizen mit Hilfe von Musikinstrumenten variiert, die in gleicher oder verschiedener Tonhöhe dargeboten wurden. Obwohl keine Interaktion zwischen Separation und Tonhöhe gefunden werden konnte, lieferten Post-hoc-Tests nur für gleiche und nicht für verschiedene Tonhöhen einen Vorteil räumlich separierter Schallquellen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Effekt räumlicher Separation auch in komplexen Hörsituationen mit bis zu acht naturalistischen Geräuschen, wechselndem Ziel und unvorhersagbarer Zielposition gefunden werden kann. Räumliche Hinweise bei akustischen Suchaufgaben scheinen aber vor allem in Situationen genutzt werden, in denen spektrotemporale Hinweise alleine nennenswert weniger hilfreich sind als beide Arten von Hinweisen zusammen.Perceiving sound sources from different spatial positions is easier than perceiving sound sources played from one common spatial position. This effect of spatial separation was specified primarily for speech stimuli presented from a predictable location and involving only few distractors. In the studies of this thesis, up to eight naturalistic sounds were presented through speakers arranged in a circle around the participants. Different randomly selected speakers were used in the spatially separated condition, whereas the sounds were played by one randomly selected common speaker in the condition without separation. The durations of the sounds in studies 1 to 3 could be 250, 500, 1000, or 1500 ms, and the task in each trial was to indicate the presence or absence of a randomly selected target sound within the mix of four, six or eight different sounds. Study 1 was conducted in a room with reflections and provided an advantage of separation solely in the sensitivity and with only six simultaneously presented sounds (accompanied by comparable reaction times). For study 2 and all further studies a semi-anechoic chamber was used. Under these circumstances, a general advantage of spatial separation in terms of higher sensitivities and faster reaction times could be observed. In study 3 the target cue was presented acoustically instead of visually. An advantage of spatial separation could be found exclusively in the reaction times and only when six sounds were presented or when the target was absent, while the sensitivity remained the same. In these three studies with varying sound durations, no influence of this variable on the separation effect became apparent. In study 4, a visual target cue was employed, and the similarity between the stimuli was varied by using same or different pitch stimuli. Although there was no interaction between separation and pitch, post hoc tests showed a significant advantage of spatially separated sound sources only for same but not for different pitch stimuli. Taken as a whole, the results demonstrate that the effect of spatial separation could also be found in complex listening settings featuring up to eight simultaneous naturalistic sounds, a changing target, and an unpredictable target location. In auditory search, however, spatial cues seem to be used mainly in situations in which spectro-temporal cues were noticeably less helpful than both types of cues together. | |||||||
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| Lizenz: |  Urheberrechtsschutz | |||||||
| Fachbereich / Einrichtung: | Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät » WE Psychologie » Allgemeine Psychologie und Arbeitspsychologie | |||||||
| Dokument erstellt am: | 24.01.2013 | |||||||
| Dateien geändert am: | 24.01.2013 | |||||||
| Promotionsantrag am: | 08.10.2012 | |||||||
| Datum der Promotion: | 07.12.2012 |
