Dokument: Chemical footprints as cues to foraging bumblebees and pollination ecologists
| Titel: | Chemical footprints as cues to foraging bumblebees and pollination ecologists | |||||||
| URL für Lesezeichen: | https://docserv.uni-duesseldorf.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=15559 | |||||||
| URN (NBN): | urn:nbn:de:hbz:061-20100715-085253-3 | |||||||
| Kollektion: | Dissertationen | |||||||
| Sprache: | Englisch | |||||||
| Dokumententyp: | Wissenschaftliche Abschlussarbeiten » Dissertation | |||||||
| Medientyp: | Text | |||||||
| Autor: | Witjes, Sebastian [Autor] | |||||||
| Dateien: |
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| Beitragende: | Eltz, Thomas [Betreuer/Doktorvater] Eltz, Thomas [Gutachter] Prof. Dr. Beye, Martin [Gutachter] | |||||||
| Dewey Dezimal-Klassifikation: | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik » 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie | |||||||
| Beschreibung: | Many plant species are known to emit species-specific floral scents to attract or guide pollinators, thereby ensuring cross pollination. In combination with visual traits, pollinators use these cues to localize floral resources and to specialize on the most rewarding plant species. To complicate matters, each individual flower is exploited by other visitor individuals/species as well, and visitors are faced with the task to find floral rewards in a heterogeneous and fluctuating market. This thesis investigates the deposition and detection of chemical “footprints” on flowers by bumblebees, which allow them to discriminate against recently visited/depleted flowers. My studies corroborate the view that discrimination between individual flowers is based on the perception of non-polar chemicals left on flowers by previous visitors. In an artificial meadow, individual workers of Bombus terrestris were able to locate unvisited “flowers” unless the chemical deposits from previous visits were removed by the experimenter. Given natural reward conditions (small rewards that can be completely depleted during a single visit) the deposits act as repellent “scent-marks”, inhibiting repeated visits to depleted flowers. In agreement with studies of other authors, the results of my experiments suggest that the chemical deposits are not evolved communication signals, but simple footprint cues, because the repellent effect was also elicited by footprints deposited on “neutral” (non-feeder) surfaces. Although long-chain hydrocarbons are the major chemical constituents in bumblebee footprints, my experiments indicate that more volatile trace components are the behaviourally active compounds: fresh (directly collected) footprints were rejected significantly more often than old footprints (collected with a 90 min. delay).
While hydrocarbons may not be the perceptually relevant compounds for bumblebees, they could be a cumulative indicator of flower visitation for pollination ecologists. Bumblebee epicuticular lipids consist of alkanes, alkenes, and alkadienes with chain length between 19 and 34 carbon atoms, in a highly species-specific composition. I showed that traces of these cuticular hydrocarbons remain on flowers after bumblebee visitation and are retained in the plants cuticular waxes. In solvent extracts of flowers of foxglove (Digitalis grandiflora) and primrose (Primula veris) the amount of bumblebee-derived unsaturated hydrocarbons (UHCs) was a close correlate of the number of bumblebee visits. Furthermore, bumblebee-derived nonacosenes were retained on flowers in near unchanged quantities for 24 hours independent of temperature regime (15°C and 25 °C), suggesting that bee hydrocarbons accumulate over much of an individual flower life time. The results of a 3 year field survey on wild comfrey, Symphytum officinale, show that the analysis of hydrocarbon footprints can be used to reconstruct the visitor community and to estimate the seed set of this pollinator-limited plant. We successfully designed and applied a mathematical algorithm, which allowed us to estimate the visitation frequency of different bumblebee species separately from chemical footprint data. Thereby, we were able to derive visitation frequency of the most abundant bumblebee species, and even separately for workers and drones in some species. I conclude that bee footprints on flowers may not only be informative for the bees themselves, but represent a reliable and easy trace cue for pollination biologists. | |||||||
| Quelle: | Agren J (1996) Population size, pollinator limitation, and seed set in the self-incompatible herb Lythrum salicaria. Ecology 77:1779-1790.
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| Rechtliche Vermerke: | Herewith, I confirm that I composed the dissertation
“Chemical footprints as cues to foraging bumblebees and pollination ecologists”, single handed without utilizing illegitimate resources. All experiments conducted comply with the “Guiding principles in the care and use of animals” and with current laws of the Federal Republic of Germany. I used no other than the cited references and facilities. This work has not been previously handed in to another university and was not subject to miscellaneous examinations. | |||||||
| Lizenz: |  Urheberrechtsschutz | |||||||
| Fachbereich / Einrichtung: | Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät » WE Biologie | |||||||
| Dokument erstellt am: | 15.07.2010 | |||||||
| Dateien geändert am: | 08.07.2010 | |||||||
| Promotionsantrag am: | 17.06.2010 | |||||||
| Datum der Promotion: | 08.07.2010 |
